Diabetes and Diet

Article by Amy Bragagnini, MS, RD
Posted on June 04, 2007

Eating a healthy diet and having an active lifestyle are very important to disease prevention. Heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes can be prevented if the right steps are taken. The American Diabetes Association defines diabetes as “a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life”. It is suggested that currently there are 20.8 million children and adults in the United States, or 7% of the population, who have diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic condition that can bring about many complications including damage to the kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Registered dietitians (RD) offer education to people to help prevent diabetes from occurring. They also offer nutrition tips for those living with diabetes to help them keep their blood sugar levels to normal ranges.

It is often a misconception that those living with diabetes need to follow radically different diets than other people. In fact, they need to follow the same nutrition guidelines as the general public. However, people with diabetes will need to balance their food intake with insulin and other medications, and exercise to manage blood sugar levels. When first diagnosed with diabetes, it is often overwhelming to think about counting carbohydrates and measuring foods. It is advisable to meet with a RD who can help tailor a meal plan that is right for you. They can help you become familiar with serving sizes/portion control, food labels, creating a balanced plate, and help you pick foods with the highest quality nutrients.

The American Diabetes Association makes several suggestions for making healthful food choices. It is advisable to eat a lot of fruits and vegetables, particularly those with a bright color. Focus on choosing complex carbohydrates (choose brown rice instead of white or choose whole wheat pasta). A recent study from the Archives of Internal Medicine concluded that a higher intake of fiber from grains and cereals may be associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (May 2007). Include reduced fat or fat free dairy products and select lean cuts of meat. It is important to remember that even if a food says “sugar free” that does not give you the green light to eat unlimited portions. These foods generally still contain carbohydrates and may be comparable in total calories.